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Compare El Salvador (2001) - Central African Republic (2002)

Compare El Salvador (2001) z Central African Republic (2002)

 El Salvador (2001)Central African Republic (2002)
 El SalvadorCentral African Republic
Administrative divisions 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Gribingui*, Haute-Kotto, Haute-Sangha, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo-Gribingui, Lobaye, Mbomou, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha*, Vakaga
Age structure 0-14 years:
37.68% (male 1,198,623; female 1,151,584)

15-64 years:
57.27% (male 1,693,865; female 1,878,254)

65 years and over:
5.05% (male 142,345; female 172,991) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 43% (male 788,417; female 776,721)


15-64 years: 53.2% (male 951,908; female 986,947)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 60,395; female 78,351) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber
Airports 83 (2000 est.) 51 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
79

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
62 (2000 est.)
total: 47


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 23


under 914 m: 13 (2002)
Area total:
21,040 sq km

land:
20,720 sq km

water:
320 sq km
total: 622,984 sq km


land: 622,984 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than Texas
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost the lives of some 75,000 people, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule - mostly by military governments - a civilian government was installed in 1993.
Birth rate 28.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 36.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.8 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital San Salvador Bangui
Climate tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers
Coastline 307 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 23 December 1983 passed by referendum 29 December 1994; adopted 7 January 1995
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of El Salvador

conventional short form:
El Salvador

local long form:
Republica de El Salvador

local short form:
El Salvador
conventional long form: Central African Republic


conventional short form: none


local long form: Republique Centrafricaine


local short form: none


former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire


abbreviation: CAR
Currency Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Death rate 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 18.62 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $4.1 billion (2000 est.) $881.4 million (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS

embassy:
Boulevard Santa Elena Final, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador

mailing address:
Unit 3116, APO AA 34023

telephone:
[503] 278-4444

FAX:
[503] 278-6011
chief of mission: Ambassador Mattie R. SHARPLESS


embassy: Avenue David Dacko, Bangui


mailing address: B. P. 924, Bangui


telephone: [236] 61 02 00


FAX: [236] 61 44 94
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez

chancery:
2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9671

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Boston
chief of mission: Ambassador Emmanuel TOUABOY


chancery: 1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-7800


FAX: [1] (202) 332-9893
Disputes - international with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required none
Economic aid - recipient total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.) $172.2 million (1995); note - traditional budget subsidies from France (1995)
Economy - overview El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 16% of export earnings and the diamond industry for 54%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. The 50% devaluation of the currencies of 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January 1994 had mixed effects on the CAR's economy. Diamond, timber, coffee, and cotton exports increased, leading an estimated rise of GDP of 7% in 1994 and nearly 5% in 1995. Military rebellions and social unrest in 1996 were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and a drop in GDP of 2%. The IMF approved an Extended Structure Adjustment Facility in 1998 and the World Bank extended further credits in 1999 and approved a $10 million loan in early 2001. As of January 2002, many civil servants were owed as much as 16 months pay during the PATASSE administration, as well as 14 months pay from the KOLINGBA administration.
Electricity - consumption 3.638 billion kWh (1999) 96.72 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 208 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 460 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 3.641 billion kWh (1999) 104 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
45.65%

hydro:
41.01%

nuclear:
0%

other:
13.34% (1999)
fossil fuel: 20%


hydro: 80%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m


highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes; Hurricane Mitch damage tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished its reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9% Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%
Exchange rates Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro
Executive branch chief of state:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
cabinet selected by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CDU) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%
chief of state: President Ange-Felix PATASSE (since 22 October 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister Martin ZIGUELE (since 1 April 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 19 September 1999 (next to be held NA September 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ange-Felix PATASSE reelected president; percent of vote - Ange-Felix PATASSE 51.63%, Andre KOLINGBA 19.38%, David DACKO 11.15%
Exports $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $166 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco
Exports - partners US 63%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 7%, Costa Rica 4% (1999) Benelux 64%, Cote d'Ivoire, Spain, China, Egypt, France (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band
GDP purchasing power parity - $24 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
12%

industry:
28%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 55%


industry: 20%


services: 25% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 1.8% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 50 N, 88 55 W 7 00 N, 21 00 E
Geography - note smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
10,029 km

paved:
1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)

unpaved:
8,043 km (1997)
total: 23,810 km


paved: 429 km


unpaved: 23,381 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
38.3% (1995)
lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 48% (1993) (1993)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise -
Imports $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $154 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial products
Imports - partners US 52%, Guatemala 9%, Mexico 6%, Costa Rica 3% (1999) France 35%, Cameroon 13%, Benelux, Cote d'Ivoire, Germany, Japan (1999)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 13 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 3.9% (2001)
Industries food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals diamond mining, sawmills, breweries, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles
Infant mortality rate 28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 103.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 3.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC (observer), OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 4 (2000) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts
Labor force 2.35 million (1999) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
545 km

border countries:
Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total: 5,203 km


border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km
Land use arable land:
27%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
29%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
31% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.1%


permanent crops: 0.14%


other: 96.76% (1998 est.)
Languages Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages
Legal system based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on French law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - ARENA 36.1%, FMLN 35.14%, PCN 8.76%, PDC 7.08%, CD 5.32%, PAN 3.75%, USC 1.47%, PLD 1.29%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 31, PCN 14, PDC 5, CD 3, PAN 1, independent 2
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - there were 85 seats in the National Assembly before the 1998 election)


elections: last held 22-23 November and 13 December 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - MLPC 43%, RDC 18%, MDD 9%, FPP 6%, PSD 5%, ADP 4%, PUN 3%, FODEM 2%, PLD 2%, UPR 1%, FC 1%, independents 6%; seats by party - MLPC 47, RDC 20, MDD 8, FPP 7, PSD 6, ADP 5, PUN 3, FODEM 2, PLD 2, UPR 1, FC 1, independents 7
Life expectancy at birth total population:
70.03 years

male:
66.43 years

female:
73.81 years (2001 est.)
total population: 43.58 years


male: 42.08 years


female: 45.13 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
71.5%

male:
73.5%

female:
69.8% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 60%


male: 68.5%


female: 52.4% (1995 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea:
200 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Central African Armed Forces (FACA) (including Republican Guard, Ground Forces, Naval Forces, and Air Force), Presidential Security Guard, Gendarmerie, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY99) $29 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) 2.2% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,464,898 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 845,182 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
929,263 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 442,220 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
68,103 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Republic Day, 1 December (1958)
Nationality noun:
Salvadoran(s)

adjective:
Salvadoran
noun: Central African(s)


adjective: Central African
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common
Natural resources hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower
Net migration rate -3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Democratic Convergence or CD (includes PSD, MNR, MPSC) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president] Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC [Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [the party of the president, Ange-Felix PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
Political pressure groups and leaders labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI NA
Population 6,237,662 (July 2001 est.) 3,642,739


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 48% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.85% (2001 est.) 1.8% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga
Radio broadcast stations AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)
Radios 2.75 million (1997) 283,000 (1997)
Railways total:
562 km

narrow gauge:
562 km 0.914-m gauge

note:
length of route which is operational is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintainance (2001)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 86%

note:
there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%


note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
nationwide microwave radio relay system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment: fair system


domestic: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 380,000 (1998) 9,500 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,163 (1997) 710 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1997) 1 (2001)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest
Total fertility rate 3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 10% (2000 est.) 8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable 900 km


note: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
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